The more gender egalitarian the country the less men are willing to back women’s causes – 42 country study.
New 42 country study has found that the more gender egalitarian the country the less likely men are to support women’s causes.
The study, published in the European Journal of Social Psychology, was led by Dr Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka from University of Gdańsk, Poland, as part of Towards Gender Harmony project, in which over 100 collaborators in 62 countries have carried out this impressive study testing the contemporary understanding of masculinity and femininity – they want to see what men and women are like, what they should be and should do, and which behaviors and traits they should refrain from. It has been 30 years since a similar cross-cultural study was conducted.
Gender equality benefits both men and women at individual and society levels. It is associated with greater human rights observance, higher levels of happiness and wellbeing, and better physical and mental health, in addition to greater relation satisfaction and economic benefits including higher average levels of GDP.
The new study involved 6,734 men from 42 nations ranging from Norway, ranked second out of 153 countries for gender equality in the World Economic Forum’s 2020 Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) to Pakistan, ranked 151st.
The researchers found, regardless of nationality, that the more men believe in “zero-sum” thinking –that gains for women equate to losses for men – the less they are inclined to support gender equality and are more likely to express attitudes of hostile sexism.
Counterintuitively, the study also found that the higher the national levels of gender egalitarianism the less men are willing to engage in activities such as signing petitions in favour of workplace gender equality, endorsing gender egalitarian political candidates, and using social media to raise awareness about gender issues.
It seems that some men view women as competitors rather than allies, and our research found that men, regardless of their nationality, withdraw their support for gender equality when they think that women’s gains threaten their own status.
What is particularly interesting is that higher levels of gender equality within a country appear to have the effect of demotivating men from supporting gender equality causes. This could be due to a perceived threat to men’s masculinity or men’s belief that women are doing perfectly well on their own and do not need any extra help.
Although we are seeing more women in senior management and executive roles, globally women still make 21% less money than men and hold 29% of positions of power. This ‘zero-sum’ thinking, where gains for women equate to losses for men, remains a key barrier to further improvements in equality. Ironically, ‘her gain = his gain’ thinking is more true and needs to be promoted if we are to move Towards Gender Harmony.